Disclaimer: When in doubt, please ask the setter of the examination
Chapter 9
Air, Water and Land Pollution
(causes, effects and solutions)
Chapter 10
Global Warming
- causes & effects
- alternative energy sources
- measures to curb the problem
Chapter 7
Land Supply
(demand for land, solutions to meet demand, case study of Singapore and Kalimantan)
Chapter 8
Water Supply
(demand for water, solutions to meet demand, case study of Singapore)
Chapter 2
Population
- Distribution and Density (calculating density, reasons for differing density, trends of world population growth)
- High population growth (causes and problems associated)
- Low population growth (causes and problems associated)
Chapter 4
Agriculture
- Wet Rice Cultivation (characteristics, environmental impact)
- Plantation (distribution and characteristics)
- High-Tech Farming (features/ characteristics, environmental impacts)
Showing posts with label 2009. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 2009. Show all posts
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Climate & Nat. Vegetation Worksheet Answer
Before you check your answers...
Temperature
Very low throughout the year, max 5ºC, min -30ºC, temperature range is large (35ºC), warmer months (May to Sept)
Rainfall
Very low throughout the year, ave. 25mm, annual about 300mm only
Climate
Polar
Vegetation
Temperature
Max 15ºC, Min -10ºC, temperature range is about 25ºC, warmer months (May to Sept)
Rainfall
Wetter months from April to July (about 50mm/ month), annual rainfall about 450mm
Climate
Temperate
Vegetation
Temperate Deciduous
Temperature
Consistently high throughout the year (between 26ºC to 29ºC), very low temperature range
Rainfall
High rainfall throughout the year, annual of about 2400mm, highest rainfall from August to December (more than 300mm each month)
Climate
Tropical (Marine)
Vegetation
Tropical
Ulan-Bator (in
Temperature
High temperature range (35ºC), highest temperature in summer (15ºC) and lowest in winter (-20ºC) October to April (temp. below 0ºC)
Rainfall
Annual rainfall about 350mm, wettest season from June to Aug (more than 60mm per month)
Climate
Polar
Vegetation
Coniferous Forests
Cold Tundra (not in current syllabus)
Temperature
High temperature throughout the year, Max 30ºC (May), Min 21ºC, temperature range is low (only 9ºC) and therefore quite consistent.
Rainfall
Dry season at the beginning and end of the year (Jan to April, and December)
Annual rainfall about 750ml, wettest months from June to Sept
Climate
Tropical Monsoon
Vegetation
Tropical Monsoon Forests
Temperature
Consistently high temperature between 25ºC to 30ºC
Rainfall
High rainfall throughout the year, of more than 150mm each month, annual rainfall of about 2500mm
Climate
Tropical
Vegetation
Tropical Rainforest
Malaysia
Temperature
Consistently high temperature between 26ºC to 28ºC
Rainfall
High rainfall throughout the year, of more than 100mm avg. each month,
Wetter months (Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec) receives more than 200mm each month, annual rainfall of about 2400mm
Climate
Tropical
Vegetation
Tropical Rainforest
Friday, September 18, 2009
Topographic Map Worksheet Answers (Amended)
I hope you'll be mature and sensible to know that the process of finding the answer/ working is extremely important. I can give you the answers for this worksheet now, so that you can check them against yours. But during the examination, you'll have to depend on yourself.
EXPRESS (Sec 1A to 1D) * NA students please stroll down for the answers.
Qn 1)
25 000 X 5.3 = 132 500 (1m)
132 500 ÷ 100 = 1 325m (1m, the unit is important)
Qn 2)
(2 X 100 000) = 200 000cm
200 000 ÷ 25 000 = 8cm (1m, 1m)
Qn 3) 420m
Qn 4) School
Qn 5) Rice
Qn 6) Forest
Qn 7) Trigonometrical Station
Qn 8) Coconut and Rubber
Qn 9)
25 000 X 16 = 400 000 (1m)
400 000 ÷ 100 = 4 000m (1m)
Qn 10)
a) Jetty
b) Pier
c) Yili's house
Qn 11) 50m
Qn 12) East to Southwest
Qn 13) Rubber tapper/ Rubber Plantation owner
Qn 14) 588 375
NORMAL Academic (Sec 1E to 1G)
Qn 1)
a) 5.3cm
b) 25 000 X 5.3 = 132 500
132 500 ÷ 100 = 1 325m (1m, the unit is important)
Qn 2) Southeast
Qn 3)
(2 X 100 000) = 200 000 cm
200 000 ÷ 25 000 = 8cm
Qn 4) Southeast
Qn 5) 420m
Qn 6) Trigonometrical Station
Qn 7) School
Qn 8) Rice
Qn 9) Forest
Qn 10) Coconut and Rubber
Qn 11)
a) Jetty
b) Pier
Qn 12) 588 375
Qn 13)
a) Rubber Plantation
b) Rubber Plantation owner/ rubber tapper
Qn 14) 50m
Qn 15) Southwest
EXPRESS (Sec 1A to 1D) * NA students please stroll down for the answers.
Qn 1)
25 000 X 5.3 = 132 500 (1m)
132 500 ÷ 100 = 1 325m (1m, the unit is important)
Qn 2)
(2 X 100 000) = 200 000cm
200 000 ÷ 25 000 = 8cm (1m, 1m)
Qn 3) 420m
Qn 4) School
Qn 5) Rice
Qn 6) Forest
Qn 7) Trigonometrical Station
Qn 8) Coconut and Rubber
Qn 9)
25 000 X 16 = 400 000 (1m)
400 000 ÷ 100 = 4 000m (1m)
Qn 10)
a) Jetty
b) Pier
c) Yili's house
Qn 11) 50m
Qn 12) East to Southwest
Qn 13) Rubber tapper/ Rubber Plantation owner
Qn 14) 588 375
NORMAL Academic (Sec 1E to 1G)
Qn 1)
a) 5.3cm
b) 25 000 X 5.3 = 132 500
132 500 ÷ 100 = 1 325m (1m, the unit is important)
Qn 2) Southeast
Qn 3)
(2 X 100 000) = 200 000 cm
200 000 ÷ 25 000 = 8cm
Qn 4) Southeast
Qn 5) 420m
Qn 6) Trigonometrical Station
Qn 7) School
Qn 8) Rice
Qn 9) Forest
Qn 10) Coconut and Rubber
Qn 11)
a) Jetty
b) Pier
Qn 12) 588 375
Qn 13)
a) Rubber Plantation
b) Rubber Plantation owner/ rubber tapper
Qn 14) 50m
Qn 15) Southwest
Monday, September 14, 2009
2009 Sec One End of Year Examination
Section A (20marks)
Questions set based on 2 Topographic Maps
This section is compulsory
Section B (40marks)
Choose only 2 questions out of 4
Each question is worth 20marks
There will be 5 to 6 parts in each question (e.g. Qn 2a, 2b, etc)
Topic to be tested:
1) Rivers (10)
2) Vulcanism, Faulting & Folding (8)
3) Weathering & Erosion (8)
4) Natural Vegetation (12)
Questions set based on 2 Topographic Maps
This section is compulsory
Section B (40marks)
Choose only 2 questions out of 4
Each question is worth 20marks
There will be 5 to 6 parts in each question (e.g. Qn 2a, 2b, etc)
Topic to be tested:
1) Rivers (10)
2) Vulcanism, Faulting & Folding (8)
3) Weathering & Erosion (8)
4) Natural Vegetation (12)
Thursday, August 27, 2009
I'm back... Goodbye.
Finally, I'm able to upload a new entry!
I'll see you all around, in school! Take care!
Anyway, I guess most of you have heard the news that I'll be teaching the Secondary One from this term onwards. I'll miss you all dearly of course, but I'm sure you'll continue your exciting learning journey with your current teachers. And I'm sure I'll soon get to know wonderful teens like yourselves from Sec One.
Here's another photo of my little boy when he was about 3 months old. He's already 4 months old now! Time flies, doesn't it?
I'll see you all around, in school! Take care!
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Goodbye and Hello!
I'm saying goodbye to my dear 2B. Perhaps I should have informed you guys earlier that Miss Nisa will be teaching you from Term 2 onwards, and maybe for the rest of the year. But I guess I didn't expect you to find out by today.
I shall definitely miss you all - the quiet, the noisy, the intelligent, the always-talk-nonsense. You have been a very enjoyable bunch of teenagers to 'hang out' with, although you know sometimes you absolutely drain me of all my energy!
Please continue to have loads of fun as a class AND study hard for all your subjects! Maybe I'll get to teach some of you again next year? *fingers cross*
I didn't get a chance to say my goodbye to 2A earlier. I'm almost forgetting your personality. You're a league of your own. I know it's not easy being labelled as the top class, and in some aspects you know you've not been living up to the expectation (like handing up your Geog file for checking and the recent Geog CT1 result!). What can I say? Focus on your potential, instead of the expectation then. You have the potential to BE the best. Now get on with it already! Love ya all! Gambatte ne?
Hello to 2F again! We've gone through 2 lessons together already and I must say I enjoy teaching you again. Please put in double the effort! It has been very encouraging to see that some of you are becoming more and more serious with your studies (read: mature!) And I really hope to see the rest of 2F and 2G follow suit!
I shall definitely miss you all - the quiet, the noisy, the intelligent, the always-talk-nonsense. You have been a very enjoyable bunch of teenagers to 'hang out' with, although you know sometimes you absolutely drain me of all my energy!
Please continue to have loads of fun as a class AND study hard for all your subjects! Maybe I'll get to teach some of you again next year? *fingers cross*
I didn't get a chance to say my goodbye to 2A earlier. I'm almost forgetting your personality. You're a league of your own. I know it's not easy being labelled as the top class, and in some aspects you know you've not been living up to the expectation (like handing up your Geog file for checking and the recent Geog CT1 result!). What can I say? Focus on your potential, instead of the expectation then. You have the potential to BE the best. Now get on with it already! Love ya all! Gambatte ne?
Hello to 2F again! We've gone through 2 lessons together already and I must say I enjoy teaching you again. Please put in double the effort! It has been very encouraging to see that some of you are becoming more and more serious with your studies (read: mature!) And I really hope to see the rest of 2F and 2G follow suit!
Sec 2 WB ST3 Sample Answer
Sec 2 NA
Section A
1) C
2) B
3) A
4) D
5) D
6) A
8) D
9) C
11) A
Section B
Qn 1a)
11 January
Qn 1b)
Prolonged hot and dry weather conditions had caused the forests to catch fire easily.
The forests are burnt to clear land for agriculture.
Qn 1c)
Forest fires produce haze which can spread to Singapore and other neighbouring countries. Haze reduces visibility and affects people's health by causing asthma attacks, bronchitis or difficulties in breathing.
* 1 mark for explaining how the effect can spread to other countries; 1 mark for describing the effects.
Section C
Qn 1a)
The coast is filled with sewage or rubbish.
Qn 1b)
Water pollution
Qn 1c)
People could have thrown their rubbish directly into the water.
Untreated sewage could have been discharged directly into the water.
Qn 1d)
Some substances in sewage such as detergents encourage the growth of algae on the water surface. This prevents sunlight from reaching the plants underneath, causing them to die as photosynthesis cannot occur. In turn, the animals that depend on these plants for food will also be affected.
Qn 1e)
The people may fall ill from eating fish contaminated by water pollutants.
As the supply of fish may be reduced due to the pollutants, the people who depend on fishing for their livelihood may be affected.
(Accept other plausible answers)
Qn 2a)
This is because some developed countries did not accede to the treaty as they were concerned that the profits of their industries maybe affectd by the strict emissions control which could lead to a loss of jobs for many of the people.
Qn 2b)
Singapore has imposed strict laws to control the amount of air pollutants emitted by vehicles, industries and power stations.
The government is working with private companies to develop a fleet of buses that run on compressed natural gas as it is a cleaner alternative source of energy.
Singapore has acceded to the Montreal Protocol and hence has banned the use of ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs.
(Accept other plausible answers)
Section A
1) C
2) B
3) A
4) D
5) D
6) A
8) D
9) C
11) A
Section B
Qn 1a)
11 January
Qn 1b)
Prolonged hot and dry weather conditions had caused the forests to catch fire easily.
The forests are burnt to clear land for agriculture.
Qn 1c)
Forest fires produce haze which can spread to Singapore and other neighbouring countries. Haze reduces visibility and affects people's health by causing asthma attacks, bronchitis or difficulties in breathing.
* 1 mark for explaining how the effect can spread to other countries; 1 mark for describing the effects.
Section C
Qn 1a)
The coast is filled with sewage or rubbish.
Qn 1b)
Water pollution
Qn 1c)
People could have thrown their rubbish directly into the water.
Untreated sewage could have been discharged directly into the water.
Qn 1d)
Some substances in sewage such as detergents encourage the growth of algae on the water surface. This prevents sunlight from reaching the plants underneath, causing them to die as photosynthesis cannot occur. In turn, the animals that depend on these plants for food will also be affected.
Qn 1e)
The people may fall ill from eating fish contaminated by water pollutants.
As the supply of fish may be reduced due to the pollutants, the people who depend on fishing for their livelihood may be affected.
(Accept other plausible answers)
Qn 2a)
This is because some developed countries did not accede to the treaty as they were concerned that the profits of their industries maybe affectd by the strict emissions control which could lead to a loss of jobs for many of the people.
Qn 2b)
Singapore has imposed strict laws to control the amount of air pollutants emitted by vehicles, industries and power stations.
The government is working with private companies to develop a fleet of buses that run on compressed natural gas as it is a cleaner alternative source of energy.
Singapore has acceded to the Montreal Protocol and hence has banned the use of ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs.
(Accept other plausible answers)
Saturday, March 21, 2009
Term 2 (2009) Homework
Sec 2 Express
Worksheet 7.1
Take note:
for 1(a) - Record at least TWO observations.
Worksheet 7.2
Worksheet 7.3
Take note:
Qn 1 - Give THREE positive impacts and THREE negative impacts
Worksheet 7.4
Worksheet 7.5
Worksheet 7.6 (E-learning Day only)
Worksheet 8.1
Take note:
Qn 2(b), give TWO effects
Worksheet 8.2
Take note:
Qn 1(b), for 2nd and 3rd way of increasing water supply, please give TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages
Worksheet 8.3
Take note:
Do not do Qn. 1(b)
Qn 1(c), please give TWO ways in which S'pore will be affected.
Self Test 2
Section A
Qn 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, & 9
Section B
All the questions
Section C
Qn 1 a, b & c
Qn 3a, bi & bii
Sec 2 Normal (A)
Worksheet 7.1
Take note:
Qn 1(a) - Record at least TWO observations.
Worksheet 7.2
Worksheet 7.3
Worksheet 7.4
Worksheet 7.5
Worksheet 7.6 (E-learning Day only)
Worksheet 8.1
Take note:
Qn 2(b), give TWO effects
Worksheet 8.2
Take note:
Qn 1(b), for 2nd and 3rd way of increasing water supply, please give TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages
Worksheet 8.3
Take note:
Do not do qn. 1(b)
For 1(c), please give TWO ways in which S'pore will be affected.
Self Test 2
Section A
Qn 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 & 8
Section B
All the questions
Section C
Qn 1 a, b & c
Qn 3a & b
Worksheet 7.1
Take note:
for 1(a) - Record at least TWO observations.
Worksheet 7.2
Worksheet 7.3
Take note:
Qn 1 - Give THREE positive impacts and THREE negative impacts
Worksheet 7.4
Worksheet 7.5
Worksheet 7.6 (E-learning Day only)
Worksheet 8.1
Take note:
Qn 2(b), give TWO effects
Worksheet 8.2
Take note:
Qn 1(b), for 2nd and 3rd way of increasing water supply, please give TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages
Worksheet 8.3
Take note:
Do not do Qn. 1(b)
Qn 1(c), please give TWO ways in which S'pore will be affected.
Self Test 2
Section A
Qn 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, & 9
Section B
All the questions
Section C
Qn 1 a, b & c
Qn 3a, bi & bii
Sec 2 Normal (A)
Worksheet 7.1
Take note:
Qn 1(a) - Record at least TWO observations.
Worksheet 7.2
Worksheet 7.3
Worksheet 7.4
Worksheet 7.5
Worksheet 7.6 (E-learning Day only)
Worksheet 8.1
Take note:
Qn 2(b), give TWO effects
Worksheet 8.2
Take note:
Qn 1(b), for 2nd and 3rd way of increasing water supply, please give TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages
Worksheet 8.3
Take note:
Do not do qn. 1(b)
For 1(c), please give TWO ways in which S'pore will be affected.
Self Test 2
Section A
Qn 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 & 8
Section B
All the questions
Section C
Qn 1 a, b & c
Qn 3a & b
Monday, March 9, 2009
Common Test Reflection
Generally, I sense that most students have studied or at least understood the concepts and ideas in the 2 topics. I think the challenge now is learning how to apply your knowledge, understand the questions and reading the data.
For those who really studied and failed to meet your personal target/expectation, don't be discouraged. Remember we're working towards the final grade at the end of the year. Continue to work hard for Term 2 and 3, and make sure you understand what went wrong this time. This is very very important.
And then there are those who did not work hard enough (studying the night before is not working hard!), I don't think I need to say very much to you. I hope your conscience has been speaking.
And also... those who claimed they did not study and still did well. I suggest you apply and sit for this year's O level exams then! >:-(
Top Geography Students (female/male):
2G - Nur Liyana (23), Ezekiel Liew (24)
2F - Tessa Soh Hui Shan (27), Ong Jia Jun (31)
2E - Yee Isabelle (34), Issac Chua (28)
2D - Chioh Wen Jing Florence (29), Liang Zhisen (28), Tan Yong Xun (28)
2C - Kong Wai Shuen Tricia (33), Lim Yee Siang Ashley (33), Said Effendy B Said Iziddin (33)
2B - Cheryl Yip Yi Xiu (35), Kuick Yi Shao Glen (34)
2A - Ang Yu Ting (30), Chan Yong Ming (27), Kiew Rayren (27)
For those who really studied and failed to meet your personal target/expectation, don't be discouraged. Remember we're working towards the final grade at the end of the year. Continue to work hard for Term 2 and 3, and make sure you understand what went wrong this time. This is very very important.
And then there are those who did not work hard enough (studying the night before is not working hard!), I don't think I need to say very much to you. I hope your conscience has been speaking.
And also... those who claimed they did not study and still did well. I suggest you apply and sit for this year's O level exams then! >:-(
Top Geography Students (female/male):
2G - Nur Liyana (23), Ezekiel Liew (24)
2F - Tessa Soh Hui Shan (27), Ong Jia Jun (31)
2E - Yee Isabelle (34), Issac Chua (28)
2D - Chioh Wen Jing Florence (29), Liang Zhisen (28), Tan Yong Xun (28)
2C - Kong Wai Shuen Tricia (33), Lim Yee Siang Ashley (33), Said Effendy B Said Iziddin (33)
2B - Cheryl Yip Yi Xiu (35), Kuick Yi Shao Glen (34)
2A - Ang Yu Ting (30), Chan Yong Ming (27), Kiew Rayren (27)
Sec 2 Normal (A) CT1.2009 Answer
Here is the marking scheme for your Common Test (Term 1, 2009)Please understand that this is only a guideline. I must read your whole answer in context in order to award the correct marks.
Question 1ai)
- Similar pattern for all 3 gases
- Increase slower/steadily before 1900
- Begin accelerating after 1900
- Sharp increase around year 1950/ very steep curve
Any 3 clear descriptions of the trend/pattern observed in the graphs.
1 mark for only mere description of any graph without stating any trend or pattern.
Question 1aii)
- Increase population (esp. sharp increase around 1950) leads to increase demand for food and land
- More forests are destroyed for food/agricultural and residential purposes
- When more forests are destroyed, CO2 in the atmosphere will increase. Moreover, some forests are destroyed through burning, which will release more CO2.
- Increased wet rice farms and cattle ranches caused by demand from a larger population increases the release of methane
- More fertilisers are used on farms to increase food production. This account for the increase in nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.
5 points @ 1 mark each
Question 1bi)
- Carbon Dioxide [1]
- CO2 remains in the atmosphere a lot longer than most of the other gases
- CO2 is released into the atmosphere on a daily basis e.g. burning of fossil fuel
- Industrialisation and number of motor vehicle on the road is still increasing as more countries become develop
- Deforestation removes trees, which should control the amount of CO2
- Deforestation which involves burning of trees will further increase amount of CO2
1 mark allocated to name of gas
Max 5 points @ 1 mark each; for explanation
Question 1bii)
- Increasing global temperature leading to the melting of glaciers, ice in north and south pole
- Habitat of polar bears (Arctic circle) is being destroyed as the ice melts
- Without suitable habitat for food and reproduction, the polar bear will face extinction
- Global warming will cause more extreme weather condition (e.g. hotter summers, flooding)
- Farmers are unable to cultivate crop during the expected seasons, and harvest is destroyed by the extreme weather
- This harvest usually provide food for the Cambodians for the rest of the year
- This results in food shortage for the Cambodians in year 2002
2 marks for each phenomenon, or max.
Students expected to explain all 3 phenomenon. Total of 6m.
Question 2ai)
- Fertiliser runoff/ pesticide dusting - when farmers use fertilisers/ pesticide excessively, the rain will wash the excess into the river and pollute its water
- Oil Spill - tanker accidents will pollute the sea with oil that its carrying; the action of the wind and waves will spread the oil over a large area of the sea
- Urban waste/ industrial waste/ septic tank - sewage from the urban city/ industries/ household might be discharged/disposed into the river before it has been treated at the sewage treatment plant
- Leakage from the septic tank might also pollute the river water when it's carried by the underground water
- Non-biodegradable substances cannot be broken down even if it goes through sewage treatment. They are then discharged into the sea, polluting the water
2 marks for each way explained. No marks for mere listing.
2 marks X 3 ways (Total 6 marks)
Question 2aii)
- during an oil spill, a layer of oil will spread over the sea; sea birds and mammals who come into contact with the polluted water will dirty their feathers and fur
- the oil will remove air trapped by the feathers and fur, causing these creatures to either freeze to death or drown
- sea creatures who consume the polluted water will also be poisoned
- sunlight will also be blocked by the layer of oil, thus affecting the growth of aquatic plants and planktons beneath
- when the oil is washed ashore, the beaches will also be polluted; this in turn also affect any plants or creatures which are found on the polluted beaches
5 points @ 1 mark each
Question 2bi)
- dust and smoke particles can cause irritations in people's throat and eyes
- in more serious cases, they can also suffer from respiratory problems (such as asthma and bronchitis)
- toxic gases (sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) which pollutes the atmosphere also attack the respiratory system, giving rise to lung and heart diseases
- when exposed to air pollution over a long period of time, the lifespan of these victims can also be shortened
- when workers fall ill and go on medical leave, the workforce will be affected and production drops
4 points at 1 mark each
1 mark for just lifting the answer from the passage
Question 2bii)
- Power stations and manufacturing plants are usually found in the cities. These are major sources of pollution
- As fossil fuel is burnt to generate power and in the process of manufacturing, soot and sulphur dioxide are produced
- The number of motor vehicles on the city road is also much higher than the country side.
- Vehicle emission contains harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere
- Construction of buildings also takes place rapidly in the city area. This activity create huge amount of dust particles and smoke, thus adding to the problem of air pollution
5 points @ 1 mark each
Question 1ai)
- Similar pattern for all 3 gases
- Increase slower/steadily before 1900
- Begin accelerating after 1900
- Sharp increase around year 1950/ very steep curve
Any 3 clear descriptions of the trend/pattern observed in the graphs.
1 mark for only mere description of any graph without stating any trend or pattern.
Question 1aii)
- Increase population (esp. sharp increase around 1950) leads to increase demand for food and land
- More forests are destroyed for food/agricultural and residential purposes
- When more forests are destroyed, CO2 in the atmosphere will increase. Moreover, some forests are destroyed through burning, which will release more CO2.
- Increased wet rice farms and cattle ranches caused by demand from a larger population increases the release of methane
- More fertilisers are used on farms to increase food production. This account for the increase in nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.
5 points @ 1 mark each
Question 1bi)
- Carbon Dioxide [1]
- CO2 remains in the atmosphere a lot longer than most of the other gases
- CO2 is released into the atmosphere on a daily basis e.g. burning of fossil fuel
- Industrialisation and number of motor vehicle on the road is still increasing as more countries become develop
- Deforestation removes trees, which should control the amount of CO2
- Deforestation which involves burning of trees will further increase amount of CO2
1 mark allocated to name of gas
Max 5 points @ 1 mark each; for explanation
Question 1bii)
- Increasing global temperature leading to the melting of glaciers, ice in north and south pole
- Habitat of polar bears (Arctic circle) is being destroyed as the ice melts
- Without suitable habitat for food and reproduction, the polar bear will face extinction
- Global warming will cause more extreme weather condition (e.g. hotter summers, flooding)
- Farmers are unable to cultivate crop during the expected seasons, and harvest is destroyed by the extreme weather
- This harvest usually provide food for the Cambodians for the rest of the year
- This results in food shortage for the Cambodians in year 2002
2 marks for each phenomenon, or max.
Students expected to explain all 3 phenomenon. Total of 6m.
Question 2ai)
- Fertiliser runoff/ pesticide dusting - when farmers use fertilisers/ pesticide excessively, the rain will wash the excess into the river and pollute its water
- Oil Spill - tanker accidents will pollute the sea with oil that its carrying; the action of the wind and waves will spread the oil over a large area of the sea
- Urban waste/ industrial waste/ septic tank - sewage from the urban city/ industries/ household might be discharged/disposed into the river before it has been treated at the sewage treatment plant
- Leakage from the septic tank might also pollute the river water when it's carried by the underground water
- Non-biodegradable substances cannot be broken down even if it goes through sewage treatment. They are then discharged into the sea, polluting the water
2 marks for each way explained. No marks for mere listing.
2 marks X 3 ways (Total 6 marks)
Question 2aii)
- during an oil spill, a layer of oil will spread over the sea; sea birds and mammals who come into contact with the polluted water will dirty their feathers and fur
- the oil will remove air trapped by the feathers and fur, causing these creatures to either freeze to death or drown
- sea creatures who consume the polluted water will also be poisoned
- sunlight will also be blocked by the layer of oil, thus affecting the growth of aquatic plants and planktons beneath
- when the oil is washed ashore, the beaches will also be polluted; this in turn also affect any plants or creatures which are found on the polluted beaches
5 points @ 1 mark each
Question 2bi)
- dust and smoke particles can cause irritations in people's throat and eyes
- in more serious cases, they can also suffer from respiratory problems (such as asthma and bronchitis)
- toxic gases (sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) which pollutes the atmosphere also attack the respiratory system, giving rise to lung and heart diseases
- when exposed to air pollution over a long period of time, the lifespan of these victims can also be shortened
- when workers fall ill and go on medical leave, the workforce will be affected and production drops
4 points at 1 mark each
1 mark for just lifting the answer from the passage
Question 2bii)
- Power stations and manufacturing plants are usually found in the cities. These are major sources of pollution
- As fossil fuel is burnt to generate power and in the process of manufacturing, soot and sulphur dioxide are produced
- The number of motor vehicles on the city road is also much higher than the country side.
- Vehicle emission contains harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere
- Construction of buildings also takes place rapidly in the city area. This activity create huge amount of dust particles and smoke, thus adding to the problem of air pollution
5 points @ 1 mark each
Sec 2 Express CT1.2009 Answer
Here is the marking scheme for your Common Test (Term 1, 2009)
Please understand that this is only a guideline. I must read your whole answer in context in order to award the correct marks.
Sec 2 Express
Question 1ai)
- Similar pattern for all 3 gases
- Increase slower/steadily before 1900
- Begin accelerating after 1900
- Sharp increase around year 1950/ very steep curve
Any 3 clear descriptions of the trend/pattern observed in the graphs.No mark for only mere description of any graph without stating any trend or pattern.
Question 1aii)
- Increase population (esp. sharp increase around 1950) leads to increase demand for food and land
- More forests are destroyed for food/agricultural and residential purposes
- When more forests are destroyed, CO2 in the atmosphere will increase. Moreover, some forests are destroyed through burning, which will release more CO2.
- Increased wet rice farms and cattle ranches caused by demand from a larger population increases the release of methane
- More fertilisers are used on farms to increase food production. This account for the increase in nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.
5 points @ 1 mark each
Question 1b)
- Carbon Dioxide
- CO2 remains in the atmosphere a lot longer than most of the other gases
- CO2 is released into the atmosphere on a daily basis e.g. burning of fossil fuel
- Industrialisation and number of motor vehicle on the road is still increasing as more countries become develop
- Deforestation removes trees, which should control the amount of CO2
- Deforestation which involves burning of trees will further increase amount of CO2
6 points @ 1 mark each
Question 1c)
- Increasing global temperature leading to the melting of glaciers, ice in north and south pole
- Habitat of polar bears (Arctic circle) is being destroyed as the ice melts
- Without suitable habitat for food and reproduction, the polar bear will face extinction
- Global warming will cause more extreme weather condition (e.g. hotter summers, flooding)
- Farmers are unable to cultivate crop during the expected seasons, and harvest is destroyed by the extreme weather
- This harvest usually provide food for the Cambodians for the rest of the year
- This results in food shortage for the Cambodians in year 2002
2 marks for each phenomenon.
Students are expected to explain all 3 phenomenon. Total = 6m
Question 2ai)
- increasing car ownership will lead to more vehicles on the road
- this leads to an increase in the burning of fossil fuel
- when this happens, vehicles emit large amount of dust and soot, and poisonous gases, such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere
3 points @ 1 mark each
Question 2aii)
- As Beijing becomes more developed, more power is generated in the power station.
- There will also be more manufacturing plants in the city
- The burning of fossil fuel from these sources will release greater amount of soot, and poisonous gas such as sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere
- In addition, more buildings will be built to accommodate the increasing population and businesses
- The clearing of land, construction of buildings and even transportation of building materials will increase the amount of dust and smoke particles in the atmosphere.
- These contribute to the air pollution in Beijing
Max 1 mark for mere listing of factors without any brief explanation.
1 mark for activity + 1 mark for description/brief explanation; total 2 activities
Question 2aiii)
- When there is severe air pollution, people in Beijing will experience health problems such as asthma and bronchitis
- In severe cases, the toxic gases will attack their lungs and cause lung diseases. In some cases, this will eventually lead to death
- Air pollution will affect the workforce when more people have to take medical leave due to poor health
- Air pollution will also affect visibility and therefore affect transportation
- There will be more accidents on the road, hindering the transportation of goods and people
- Planes at airport might not able to take off and this will also affect the tourism and import/export industries.
6 points @ 1 mark each
Max 3 marks for either economic effects or social effects
Max 1 mark for mere listing of effects
Question 2bi)
- The waste of the infected person can be deposited into the septic tank or at a river.
- If there are cracks in the septic tank, the bacteria will travel/spread underground towards the well. Bacteria from the river will also flow underground towards the well
- When the bacteria enter the well, the well water will become polluted with the bacteria
3 points @ 1 mark each
Question 2bii)
- People who uses/consume the well water and river directly will fall sick
- Children who bathe and play at the river will also contract the illness
- Fishes in the river might become infected with the bacteria
- If these fishes are caught as food supply for the community, people who consume them might also fall ill
4 points @ 1 mark each
Proper explanation expected; e.g. of unacceptable answer: "People fall sick."
Please understand that this is only a guideline. I must read your whole answer in context in order to award the correct marks.
Sec 2 Express
Question 1ai)
- Similar pattern for all 3 gases
- Increase slower/steadily before 1900
- Begin accelerating after 1900
- Sharp increase around year 1950/ very steep curve
Any 3 clear descriptions of the trend/pattern observed in the graphs.No mark for only mere description of any graph without stating any trend or pattern.
Question 1aii)
- Increase population (esp. sharp increase around 1950) leads to increase demand for food and land
- More forests are destroyed for food/agricultural and residential purposes
- When more forests are destroyed, CO2 in the atmosphere will increase. Moreover, some forests are destroyed through burning, which will release more CO2.
- Increased wet rice farms and cattle ranches caused by demand from a larger population increases the release of methane
- More fertilisers are used on farms to increase food production. This account for the increase in nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.
5 points @ 1 mark each
Question 1b)
- Carbon Dioxide
- CO2 remains in the atmosphere a lot longer than most of the other gases
- CO2 is released into the atmosphere on a daily basis e.g. burning of fossil fuel
- Industrialisation and number of motor vehicle on the road is still increasing as more countries become develop
- Deforestation removes trees, which should control the amount of CO2
- Deforestation which involves burning of trees will further increase amount of CO2
6 points @ 1 mark each
Question 1c)
- Increasing global temperature leading to the melting of glaciers, ice in north and south pole
- Habitat of polar bears (Arctic circle) is being destroyed as the ice melts
- Without suitable habitat for food and reproduction, the polar bear will face extinction
- Global warming will cause more extreme weather condition (e.g. hotter summers, flooding)
- Farmers are unable to cultivate crop during the expected seasons, and harvest is destroyed by the extreme weather
- This harvest usually provide food for the Cambodians for the rest of the year
- This results in food shortage for the Cambodians in year 2002
2 marks for each phenomenon.
Students are expected to explain all 3 phenomenon. Total = 6m
Question 2ai)
- increasing car ownership will lead to more vehicles on the road
- this leads to an increase in the burning of fossil fuel
- when this happens, vehicles emit large amount of dust and soot, and poisonous gases, such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere
3 points @ 1 mark each
Question 2aii)
- As Beijing becomes more developed, more power is generated in the power station.
- There will also be more manufacturing plants in the city
- The burning of fossil fuel from these sources will release greater amount of soot, and poisonous gas such as sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere
- In addition, more buildings will be built to accommodate the increasing population and businesses
- The clearing of land, construction of buildings and even transportation of building materials will increase the amount of dust and smoke particles in the atmosphere.
- These contribute to the air pollution in Beijing
Max 1 mark for mere listing of factors without any brief explanation.
1 mark for activity + 1 mark for description/brief explanation; total 2 activities
Question 2aiii)
- When there is severe air pollution, people in Beijing will experience health problems such as asthma and bronchitis
- In severe cases, the toxic gases will attack their lungs and cause lung diseases. In some cases, this will eventually lead to death
- Air pollution will affect the workforce when more people have to take medical leave due to poor health
- Air pollution will also affect visibility and therefore affect transportation
- There will be more accidents on the road, hindering the transportation of goods and people
- Planes at airport might not able to take off and this will also affect the tourism and import/export industries.
6 points @ 1 mark each
Max 3 marks for either economic effects or social effects
Max 1 mark for mere listing of effects
Question 2bi)
- The waste of the infected person can be deposited into the septic tank or at a river.
- If there are cracks in the septic tank, the bacteria will travel/spread underground towards the well. Bacteria from the river will also flow underground towards the well
- When the bacteria enter the well, the well water will become polluted with the bacteria
3 points @ 1 mark each
Question 2bii)
- People who uses/consume the well water and river directly will fall sick
- Children who bathe and play at the river will also contract the illness
- Fishes in the river might become infected with the bacteria
- If these fishes are caught as food supply for the community, people who consume them might also fall ill
4 points @ 1 mark each
Proper explanation expected; e.g. of unacceptable answer: "People fall sick."
Thursday, January 29, 2009
Common Test (Term 1) 2009
When:
27th Feb 2008 (Friday)
Period 2
What:
Focus for this test is on Air, Water & Land Pollution (textbook pg 142 - 150) and Global Warming: Causes and Consequences (textbook pg 168 - 173)
Format:
2 Structured-essay questions worth 20 marks each. Each question will be divided into parts, e.g. Qn 1ai), Qn 1aii)
Total marks for the test will be 40.
Time allocated: 1 hour
Note:
Study the basic information/knowledge from your textbook to be familiar with the ideas, terms and chemical names, etc.
Read through (seriously!) the questions and answers in your workbook exercises AND supplementary worksheets given in class.
Make sure you are able to write out your explanation independently as you revise.
27th Feb 2008 (Friday)
Period 2
What:
Focus for this test is on Air, Water & Land Pollution (textbook pg 142 - 150) and Global Warming: Causes and Consequences (textbook pg 168 - 173)
Format:
2 Structured-essay questions worth 20 marks each. Each question will be divided into parts, e.g. Qn 1ai), Qn 1aii)
Total marks for the test will be 40.
Time allocated: 1 hour
Note:
Study the basic information/knowledge from your textbook to be familiar with the ideas, terms and chemical names, etc.
Read through (seriously!) the questions and answers in your workbook exercises AND supplementary worksheets given in class.
Make sure you are able to write out your explanation independently as you revise.
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